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06
2025
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02
What factors limit the water solubility of cationic polyacrylamide?
Molecular weight plays a significant role. Generally, lower molecular weight cationic polyacrylamide is relatively easier to dissolve. Because the molecular chains of low molecular weight are shorter, water molecules can more easily penetrate the polymer interior upon contact with water, allowing for uniform dispersion in water. However, high molecular weight cationic polyacrylamide, due to its long and complex molecular chains and stronger intermolecular forces, makes it difficult for water molecules to quickly break these forces and enter the molecule's interior, resulting in a slower dissolution rate.
The degree of cationization also has an effect. A high degree of cationization means that the molecule contains more cationic groups, which may increase the polarity of the molecule and, to some extent, facilitate interaction with water molecules, promoting dissolution. However, an excessively high degree of cationization may lead to increased mutual repulsion between cationic groups in the molecule, making it difficult for the molecular chain to unfold, thus affecting its solubility in water.
Temperature is equally important. Within an appropriate temperature range, increasing the temperature can accelerate the dissolution rate of cationic polyacrylamide. Because as the temperature increases, the movement speed of water molecules increases, enhancing the impact and penetration ability on the polymer molecular chains, making it easier for the polymer molecules to disperse in water. However, excessively high temperatures may cause degradation of the polymer or other chemical reactions, which may reduce its solubility.
In addition, stirring speed and time also affect its water solubility. Sufficient stirring allows the cationic polyacrylamide to contact the water more fully, accelerating the dissolution process. If stirring is insufficient or the time is too short, the polymer may not be completely dissolved, resulting in the formation of lumps and affecting its dispersion effect in water. At the same time, factors such as water hardness and acidity also have a certain impact on its water solubility.
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